The dynamic human model includes a skeleton model having a plurality of bone elements coupled together by articulating joints. 

The bone elements are made of elements having the appearance of human bones including real bone, osseous material, plastic, polymers, ceramic, or glass.

The skeleton model has hinges, ball and socket joints, and stops for replicating the actual physiological movement of a human body.

human skeleton

The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of around 300 bones at birth- this total decreased to 206 bones by adulthood after some bones have fused together.

The human skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, the rib cage, the skull and other associated bones. 

The appendicular skeleton, which is attached to the axial skeleton, is formed by the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle and the bones of the upper and lower limbs.

The human skeleton performs 6 major functions; support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals and endocrine regulation.

axial skeleton

The axial skeleton (80 bones) is formed by the vertebral column (32-34 bones; the number of the vertebrae differs from human to human as the lower 2 parts, sacral and coccygeal bone may vary in length), a part of the rib cage (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum), and the skull (22 bones and 7 associated bones).

The upright posture of human is maintained by the axial skeleton, which transmits the weight of the head, the trunk, and the upper extremities down to the lower extremities at the hip joints. The bones of the spine are supported by many ligaments. The erector spine muscles are also supporting and are useful for balance. 

appendicular skeleton

The appendicular skeleton (126 bones) is formed by the pectoral girdles, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle or pelvis, and the lower limbs. Their function are to make locomotion possible and to protect major organs of digestion, excretion and reproduction.

support

The skeleton provides the framework which supports the body and maintains its shape. The pelvis, associated ligaments and muscles provide a floor for the pelvic structures. Without the rib cages, costal cartilages, and intercostal muscles, the lungs would collapse. 

Movement

The joints between bones allow movement, some allowing a wider range of movement than others, e.g. the ball and socket joint allow a greater range of movement than the pivot joint in the neck. Movement is powered by skeletal muscles, which are attached to the skeleton at various sites on bones. Muscles, bones, and joints provide the principle mechanics for movement, all coordinated by the nervous system.

protection

The skeleton helps to protect our many vital internal organs from being damaged. The skull protects the brain. The vertebrae protect the spinal cord. The rib cage, spine, and sternum protect the lungs, heart and major blood vessels. 

blood cell production

The skeleton is the site of haematopoiesis, the development of blood cells that takes place in the bone marrow. In children, haematopoiesis occurs primarily in the marrow of the long bones such as the femur and tibia. In adults, it occurs mainly in the pelvis, cranium, vertebrae, and sternum.

storage

The bone matrix can store calcium and is involved in calcium metabolism, and bone marrow can store iron in ferritin and is involved in iron metabolism. 

endocrine regulation

Bone cells release a hormone called osteocalcin, which contributes to the regulation of blood sugar (glucose) and fat deposition.